Oligosaccharide Synthesis with Glycosyl Phosphate and.

Phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters and metal thiophosphates have been used as lubricant additives for over 50 years. While their use has been extensive, a detailed knowledge of how they work has been a much more recent development. In this paper, the use of phosphate esters and thiophosphate esters as anti-wear or extreme pressure additives is reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism.

A carbon fiber is a long, thin strand of material about 0.0002-0.0004 in (0.005-0.010 mm) in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are bonded together in microscopic crystals that are more or less aligned parallel to the long axis of the fiber. The crystal alignment makes the fiber incredibly strong for its size.

The story of its rise and fall as the most important commercial organometallic compound is told in the essay on pages 5154-5178 in the Dec 8, 2003, issue. View the article. In this issue:. Phosphine with a Rigid Backbone: Ligand Synthesis and Characterization of Products Obtained in Highly Diastereoselective Reactions with a Rhodium(I.